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The Story of Harriet Beecher Stove - Victorian CinderellaHarijet Elizabet Bičer Stou (engl. Harriet Beecher Stowe; Ličfild, 14. jun 1811 — Hartford, 1. jul 1896[1]) bila je abolicionista i autor više od 10 knjiga, od kojih je najčuvenija Čiča Tomina koliba, koja opisuje život u ropstvu[2] i koja je prvi put objavljena u nastavcima 1851. i 1852 u abolicionističkom glasilu National Era.[3]

Život i delo
Harijet Elizabet Bičer je rođena 14. juna 1811. u Ličfildu, u Konektikatu,[4] kao sedma od devetoro dece i najmlađa ćerka Lajmana Bičera, kongregacionalističkog sveštenika, i Roksane Fut Bičer. Nakon što je njena majka umrla od tuberkuloze 1816. godine, njen otac se oženio sa Harijet Porter, sa kojom je imao još četvoro dece. S obzirom da je poticala iz veoma uticajne porodice, Bičer je imala priliku da se obrazuje u veoma uglednoj školi – Ženskoj akademiji u Ličfildu (Litchfield Female Academy), gde je upisana 1819. godine.[5] Još od malih nogu pokazivala je veliki potencijal, takav da je njen otac, svestan poteškoća sa kojima će se susresti zbog toga što je žena, navodno jednom rekao da mu je žao što se nije rodila kao muškarac.[6]

Godine 1824. preselila se u Hartford kako bi pohađala jednu od prvih obrazovanih institucija za žene (Hartford Female Seminary) koju je osnovala i vodila njena sestra Ketrin E. Bičer.[5] Ne samo da je tu dobila akademsko obrazovanje koje je u to doba bilo uglavnom dostupno samo muškarcima, već je i ubrzo i sama počela da podučava (od 1827. godine).[5] Počela je da piše sredinom dvadesetih godina 19. veka, a njena prva dela su jedan teološki esej i nedovršena tragedija u blankversu „Kleon” (1825). Njena prva objavljena dela su priče za časopis Western Monthly Magazine (1833).[7]

Godine 1832. sa porodicom se preselila u Sinsinati (Kentaki).[5] Godine koje je provela u Sinsinatiju, prema nekim izvorima, predstavljaju ključni period u životu Harijet Bičer Stou, jer se tada izgradila i kao predavač, i kao pisac.[6] Do 1837. godine bila je asistent na Zapadnjačkom institutu za žene, koji je takođe osnovala njena sestra Ketrin, a 1836. udala se za Kelvina Elisa Stoua, profesora biblijske književnosti u školi njenog oca, sa kojim je imala sedmoro dece.[7] U Sinsinatiju se takođe po prvi put susrela sa problemom robovlasništva, a kako su i njena i muževljeva porodica bili protivnici ropstva, ubrzo su se pridružili abolicionističkom pokretu.[7]

Slike ropstva sa kojima se susretala tokom života u državi Kentaki ponovo će oživeti u čuvenom romanu Čiča Tomina koliba.[6] Ovaj roman napisala je u Bransviku, Mejn, gde se preselila 1850. godine. Roman je najpre objavljivan u nastavcima u časopisu National Era, a u celini je prvi put objavljen 1852. godine. Preveden je na najmanje dvadeset i tri jezika i doživeo je veliki uspeh, ali je i žestoko napadan na „robovlasničkom Jugu“ SAD.[7] Godine 1856. objavila je još jedan antirobovlasnički roman (Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp), ali on nije doživeo uspeh.[7]

Od 1852. do 1864. živela je u Andoveru, u Masačusetsu, da bi se, nakon što se njen muž penzionisao, ponovo preselila u Hartford. Dok je živela u Andoveru, objavila je još nekoliko romana, koji predstavljaju hronike života u Novoj Engleskoj.[7] Takođe je objavljivala članke u časopisu Atlantic Monthly, što joj je donosilo profit sve do 1869. kada je časopis izgubio više od 15.000 pretplatnika zbog njenog članka Prava priča o životu Lejdi Bajron (The Truе Story of Lady Byron’s Wife), gde je predstavila njene bračne probleme i razvod od čuvenog pesnika. Ipak, ovo je nije sprečilo da članak proširi i objavi kao knjigu pod naslovom Odbrana Lejdi Bajron (Lady Byron Vindicated).[7] Pored pomenutih dela, Harijet Bičer Stou je pisala i objavljivala i knjige za decu.[7] Umrla je u Hartfordu 1. jula 1896, u 85. godini, od moždanog udara.[5]

Izabrani radovi
Knjige
Romani
„Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly”. The National Era. 5. 6. 1851.
Uncle Tom's Cabin, or, Life among the Lowly. Boston & Cleveland: J.P. Jewett; Jewett, Proctor & Worthington. 1852.
Uncle Tom's Cabin: The Great American Novel, to be completed in six weekly numbers, price one penny each Saturday. London: Vickers. 7. 8. 1852.
Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, The History of a Christian Slave. London: Partridge and Oakey. 1852.
Dred, A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp. Boston: Phillips, Sampson. 1856.
Our Charley and What to do with Him. Boston: Phillips, Sampson. 1858.
The Minister's Wooing. New York: Derby and Jackson. 1859.
The Pearl of Orr's Island: A Story of the Coast of Maine. Boston: Ticknor and Fields. 1862.
Agnes of Sorrento. Boston: Ticknor and Fields. 1862.
Oldtown Folks. Montreal; London: Dawson; Sampson Low, Son & Marston. 1869.
Little Pussy Willow. Boston: Fields, Osgood. 1870.
Pink and White Tyranny; A Society Novel. Boston: Roberts Brothers. 1871.
My Wife and I: or, Harry Henderson's History. Boston; New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Co.; J.B. Ford and Company. 1871.
Six of One by Half a Dozen of the Other. Boston: Roberts Brothers. 1872.
We and our Neighbors; or, The Records of an Unfashionable Street: A Novel. New York: J.B. Ford & Company. 10. 1. 1875.
Drama
The Christian Slave. A Drama founded on a Portion of Uncle Tom's Cabin. Boston: Phillips, Sampson & Company. 1855.
Poezija
Religious Poems. Boston: Ticknor and Fields. 1867.
Dela koja nisu fikcija
A New England Sketchbook. Lowell [Mass.]: A. Gilman. 1834.
Earthly Care, A Heavenly Discipline. Boston: The American Tract Society.
„A New Year's Dream”. The Christian Keepsake, and Missionary Annual, for MDCCCXLIX. n.l.: Brower, Hayes & Co.
History of the Edmonson Family. Andover, Mass.: The Author. 1852?.
A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin, presenting the original facts and documents upon which the story is founded together with corroborative statements verifying the truth of the work. Boston, Cleveland, London: John P. Jewett & Co.; Jewett, Proctor & Worthington; Low and Company. 1853.
Sunny Memories of Foreign Lands. Boston; New York: Phillips, Sampson, and Company; J.C. Derby. 1854.
First Geography for Children. Boston: Philips, Sampson and Co. 1855.
Stories about our Dogs. Edinburgh: William P. Nimmo.
House and Home Papers. Boston: Ticknor and Fields. 1865.
Little Foxes. Boston: Ticknor and Fields. 1866.
Men of our Times; or, Leading Patriots of the Day. Being narratives of the lives and deeds of statesmen, generals, and orators. Including biographical sketches and anecdotes of Lincoln, Grant, Garrison, Sumner, Chase, Wilson, Greeley, Farragut, Andrew, Colfax, Stanton, Douglass, Buckingham, Sherman, Sheridan, Howard, Phillips and Beecher. Hartford, Conn.; New York: Hartford Publishing Co.; J.D. Denison. 1868.
The Chimney Corner. Boston: Ticknor and Fields. 1868.
The American Woman's Home; or, Principles of Domestic Science being a guide to the formation and maintenance of economical, healthful, beautiful, and Christian homes. New York; Boston: J.B. Ford and Company; H.A. Brown & Co. 1869.
Principles of Domestic Science as Applied to the Duties and Pleasures of Home: A Text-book for the use of Young Ladies in Schools, Seminaries, and Colleges. New York: J.B. Ford and Company. 1870.
The Lives and Deeds of our Self-made Men. Hartford, Conn.: Worthington, Dustin. 1872.
Lady Byron Vindicated: A History of the Byron Controversy, from its beginning in 1816 to the present time. Boston: Fields, Osgood, & Co. 1870.
Palmetto-Leaves. Boston: J.R. Osgood and Company. 1873.
Woman in Sacred History: A Series of Sketches Drawn from Scriptural, Historical, and Legendary Sources. New York: J.B. Ford and Company. 1873.)
Footsteps of the Master. New York: J.B. Ford & Company. 1877.
Bible Heroines, Being Narrative Biographies of Prominent Hebrew Women in the Patriarchal, National, and Christian Eras, Giving Views of Women in Sacred History, as Revealed in the Light of the Present Day. New York: Fords, Howard, & Hulbert. 1878.
Poganuc People: Their Loves and Lives. New York: Fords, Howard, & Hulbert. 1878. [1878].
He's Coming Tomorrow. Boston: James H. Earle.
A Dog's Mission; or, The Story of the Old Avery House and Other Stories. New York: Fords, Howard, and Hulbert. 1880.
Kolekcija
Tokom Harijetinog života
The Mayflower; or, Sketches of Scenes and Characters among the Descendants of the Pilgrims. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1843.
Uncle Sam's Emancipation; Earthly Care, A Heavenly Discipline; and Other Sketches. Philadelphia: W.P. Hazard. 1853.
Evergreen: Being the Smaller Works of Mrs. H. Beecher Stowe. Belfast: Alex. S. Mayne. 1853.
Queer Little People. Boston: Ticknor and Fields. 1868.
Oldtown Fireside Stories. Boston: J.R. Osgood. 1872.
Betty's Bright Idea [and Other Stories]. New York: J.B. Ford & Company. 1876.
Sam Lawson's Oldtown Fireside Stories. Boston; New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company. 1887.
Life of Harriet Beecher Stowe Compiled from her Letters and Journals by her son, Charles Edward Stowe. Boston; New York: Houghton Mifflin and Company. 1889.
Značajne posthumne kolekcije
The Writings of Harriet Beecher Stowe. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 1896—1897. 17 Volumes. (A digital copy, hosted by HathiTrust, is linked to each volume number: Vol. I and Vol. II: Uncle Ton's Cabin and A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin in two volumes; Vol. III & Vol IV: Dread, A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp and Antislavery Tales and Papers, and Life in Florida After the War; in two volumes Vol. V: The Minister's Wooing; Vol. VI: The Pearl of Orr's Island; Vol. VII: Agnes of Sorento; Vol. VIII: Household Papers and Stories; Vol. IX and Vol. X: Oldtown Folks and Sam Lawson's Oldtown Fireside Stories in two volumes; Vol. XI" Poganuc Peoples and Pink and White Tyranny; Vol. XII: My Wife and I; Vol. XIII: We and Our Neighbors; [Vol. XIV]: Stories, Sketches and Studies: "Uncle Lot," "Love versus Law," "The Tea Rose," "Aunt Mary," "Frankness," "Cousin William," "Mrs. A and Mrs. B; or, What She Thinks about It," "Which is the Liberal Man?" "The Canal Boat," "Feeling," čiča tomina koliba