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• Stanje Polovno

Odlično očuvano, tvrd povez, omot, na engleskom jeziku
The artists handbook of materials and techniques by ralph Mayer

The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques is a reference book by Ralph Mayer (1895–1979).[1] Intended by the author for use by professional artists, it deals mostly with the chemical and physical properties of traditional painterly materials such as oil, tempera, and encaustic, as well as solvents, varnishes, and painting mediums. It also has extensive coverage of ancillary activities such as stretching and preparing canvas, care and maintenance of tools, and conservation of older paintings.

Originally published in 1940, the Handbook was referred to as "the painter's bible" at the time,[citation needed] and still remains on the reading list in American universities.[2] It underwent three extensive revisions during Mayer's lifetime, and the fifth posthumous edition is still in print.

Ralph Mayer's archives of writing and research on materials and techniques are now at the Ralph Mayer Learning Center, Yale University School of Art.[3]

Contents


1. INTRODUCTORY NOTES page 17

The mechanics of applying colours. Drawing. Painting. Binders, how they
work. Balanced formulas. Home-made materials. Quality in ready-made
materials. Historical notes on materials and methods, a brief review of
various periods.


2. PIGMENTS page 55

What they are. Body colour and glaze. Requirements for a paint pigment.
Classifications, general characteristics, types, grades, and properties. Com-
position. Nomenclature. A descriptive list of pigments, arranged alphabeti-
cally. Permanent palettes for various techniques of painting. Additional data
on pigments in general use, arranged according to colour ; matching colours,
substitutes for undesirable and obsolete pigments, special properties, com-
parisons, etc. Permanence of colours. New pigments. Restricted palettes.
Testing of pigments; refinement. Colour and light, optical effects, theories
and definitions.


5. OIL PAINTING page 105

Its universal popularity; comparison with other methods; advantages and
defects. What paint is; functions of the oil. Drying oils, various kinds and
types, their selection. Oil colours, how and why they are ground. Properties,
oil absorption of pigments, reactions of pigments and oil, additions of other
ingredients. Home-made colours. Fine grinding. Painting in oil, common
wall paints, glossy and flat finishes, application of basic rules to artistic paint-
ing. Structure of paint films. Outline of normal procedure. Defects in
paintings and their causes. Varnishes, what they are and how they are made,
various types, their uses. Home manufacture. Resins, descriptions of various
kinds. Mat finishes. Driers, their properties, behaviour, and use. Glazes and
glazing, requirements, uses, formulation, and application.


4. TEMPERA PAINTING page 165

Definition, description, characteristics. Comparison with oil painting.
Tempera mediums, emulsions. Types and variations of tempera paints and
how to make them; their characteristics, behaviour, and how they are used
in various techniques.


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CONTENTS

5. GROUNDS FOR OIL AND TEMPERA page 184

Grounds and supports. Canvas, oil grounds, their materials, properties, and
application. Wooden panels. Various types and brands of wallboards. Gesso
grounds, their nature, properties, defects, and methods of manufacture.
Emulsion grounds. Miscellaneous supports and grounds.

6 . WATER COLOUR page 214

Water colour and gouache described. The materials used, mating the colours,
notes on the various techniques.

7. PASTEL page 222

Nature of the process, its characteristics, permanence, advantages, and
disadvantages. Home-made crayons. Fixatives. Care of the pictures.

8 . MURAL PAINTING page 228

The mural character. Technical requirements. Fresco painting, the process.
Its durability under prevailing destructive conditions, its properties and
advantages. Historical notes. Procedures 5 the wall, lime plaster, application,
defects, and some notes on painting. Secco and variations. Painting in oil on
walls, various methods and procedures. Mural canvases. Gesso and tempera
on walls. Painting with liquid silicates, porcelain enamelling. Comparative
values of mural techniques. $

9. MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS page 262

Volatile solvents. Their nature, requirements, and uses 5 historical notes,
descriptions of various kinds, and notes on their properties. Casein, descrip-
tion, properties, its solution, behaviour as a binder and as an adhesive. Gums.
Glues. Pastes. Preservatives. Waxes. Oils. List of common, obsolete, and
foreign names for materials and their correct equivalents.

10. CHEMISTRY page 294

Part One: Outline of basic theories, laws, explanations, and examples. Part
Two: Chemical aspects of the various materials and processes used in the arts.
Nature of raw materials. Present status of control and standards. Drying oils,
paints, driers, resins, turpentine. Water. Egg tempera. Glues and gelatin.
Plaster of Paris. Lithography and etching.

11. CONSERVATION OF PICTURES page 528

General remarks and rules. Oil paintings. Relining, pressure, non-aqueous
adhesives, transferring, patches, cleaning. Removal of dirt and old varnish

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CONTENTS


with solvents. Repaints. Cleaning without solvents. Mould. Various methods
of filling in lacunae; repainting. Cradling old panels. Varnishing. Framing in
relation to conservation. Repair and conservation of pictures on paper;
cleaning, bleaching, etc.

12. MISCELLANEOUS NOTES page 565

Notes on perspective. Notes on the graphic arts, lithography, etching, block
printing, silk screen, etc. Notes on sculptors’ materials — clay, metals, stones,
cements, woods, etc. The use of formulas. Weights and measures. Brushes and
palettes. A glossary of terms. Retail sources of some materials. Recommended
Bureau of Standards specifications for oil colours.

BIBLIOGRAPHIES page 454

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